Immanuel Kant And David Hume - 847 Words

Mary Midgley critically analyzes philosophers such as Immanuel Kant and David Hume, and argues that they have greatly influenced our way of thinking. She quotes G.R. Grice, in which he states that not all classes have natural rights, and questions just what rights and duties, by an extension, are. By delving into the thoughts of John Stuart Mill and Kant, she formulates her own arguments and contends that duties should be applied to everything and everyone around us. She stresses that that a person is responsible to everything, from another human being to an inanimate object. She then separates these duties into five different sectors: the human, animal, inanimate, comprehensive, and miscellaneous (such as oneself and God). Using this chart, she demonstrates that it is quite easy for one to exclude minorities when you only look at a portion of the scale and refuse to examine the entire image. Furthermore, she makes a very clear distinction that we should not have duties towards these inanimate sectors because we must personify them, but rather because these objects contain value to those who are animate. Therefore, she concludes that we all have to duties to these sectors, not just in concerns of them. In regards to Midgley’s interpretation of duties, I personally agree with it. There is a truth in her claim in which there are duties and obligations between both symmetrical and asymmetrical pairs. We must not always consider that our only duties are towards other humanShow MoreRelatedDavid Hume And Immanuel Kant964 Words   |  4 Pages David Hume and Immanuel Kant argue about the origin of something nearly everyone agrees on, our actions are a result of reason. Hume holds the idea that actions, when cut down to their core, are a result of the universal feelings that a species shares. Kant’s counterargument is that actions, when not done as a means to an end or faculty of desire, are done from duty and only such have true moral worth. He goes on to define good will with and without limitations, and separates the duties towardsRead MoreIs David Hume Or Immanuel Kant?1428 Words   |  6 PagesWas David Hume or Immanuel Kant more virtuous in their ethical philosophy? First we must understand what these ethical writings were for each modern philosopher. Both Hume and Kant were very influential philosophers during their lifetime, they have also disagreed on many ideas they argue for. We will be focusing specifically on their ethical philosophies to determine which philosopher, if any, would be considered to be more virtuous. In order to answer this question, we must answer a few otherRead MoreComparing David Hume and Immanuel Kant Essay1356 Words   |  6 PagesComparing David Hume and Immanuel Kant David Hume and Immanuel Kant each made a significant break from other theorists in putting forward a morality that doesn’t require a higher being or god, for a man to recognize his moral duty. Although Hume and Kant shared some basic principals they differed on their view of morality. In comparing the different views on human will and the maxims established to determine moral worth by David Hume and Immanuel Kant, I find their theories on morality have someRead MoreKant And David Hume Views On The Matter1457 Words   |  6 Pageschoices that lead to an individual to both reason and feel some sort of emotion. Objectively speaking, there is a no fine line between reasoning and how one feels, however there seems to be a distinct difference between the philosophers Immanuel Kant and David Hume views on the matter. Both are life changing philosophers with very opposing views. One sees the feelings in human nature while the other seems to see nothing but rationality. One can argue both are used but according to these two thereRead More Age of reason Essay1294 Words   |  6 Pagesopinions (Sartre4). David Hume was born in Edinburgh, Scotland on May 7, 1711. Educated at home and then at the University of Edinburgh; here he studies law but then decides to pursue an independent study of his own ideas (Sartre 132). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;From 1734 to 1737 Hume was busy writing his book, A Treatise of Human Nature, which talked about the problems of thoughtful philosophy (Hampshire 105). However, the public ignored this important piece of work making Hume feel like he wasRead MoreThe Age of Reason1424 Words   |  6 PagesThesis: To discuss the philosophers who participated and had an affect in The Age of Reason. OUTLINE I. David Hume A. Contributions to the Age of Reason B. Who and what influenced him II. Jean Jacques Rousseau A. What he believed in B. Who influenced him III. Claude Adrien Helvetius A. Influences B. Reasons for contribution IV. Immanuel Kant A. How he made a difference B. Why he made a difference C. What caused him to make a difference V. Johann Fichte A. Influences Read MoreKant And Hume On Morality Essay1952 Words   |  8 Pagesrelationship between Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) and David Hume (1711-1776) is a source of wide spread fascination’ (Standard Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Kant and Hume on Morality). Purpose of this essay is to provide Immanuel Kant’s claims on sympathy and David Hume’s assessment on it, backed up by their reasoning’s. By doing so, strong argument will separately be provided from both sides and the task then is to present my personal opinion on whose argument seems more compelling. David Hume’s assessmentRead MoreEssay On the Obligation to Keep One’s Promises1395 Words   |  6 Pagesmammoth rather successfully are Immanuel Kant and David Hume. The backbone of Kant’s moral philosophy is what he calls the â€Å"categorical imperative.† In the Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant uses the preface and the first section to introduce and develop the idea, and then in the second section finally states it for the first time: â€Å"Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.† (Kant, Grounding for the MetaphysicsRead MorePersonal Identity : David Hume1133 Words   |  5 Pageshead. David Hume dedicated a portion of his philosophy in the attempts to finally put what he saw as a fallacious claim concerning the soul to rest. In the skeptical wake of Hume, German idealist, beginning with Immanuel Kant, were left with a variety of epistemic and metaphysical problems, the least of which was personal identity. David Hume was a Scottish empiricist who became renowned as a philosopher for his metaphysical skepticism and his account of the mind. Born in the 18th century, Hume followsRead MoreInto The Woods By Stephen Sondheim Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pagesthroughout the play, decisions that play a very important role throughout the play and the field of ethics. In fact, philosophers such as Immanuel Kant and David Hume– philosophers that extensibly contributed with ethical views regarding respect and dignity– may agree or disagree with the ethical decisions taken by the characters on specific instances. In fact, Kant and Hume have developed a set of views that determine what is right and wrong; very useful to decide whether or not the Baker’s decisions are

Comparison of Nutritional and Mineral Analysis - 1059 Words

Mushroom have been widely used as food and food supplements. It is an important food item concerning human health, nutrition and disease prevention. Dietary mushrooms provide a variety of medicinal properties and they are effective against certain life threatening diseases. Mushrooms are not true vegetables in the sense that it does not have any leaves therefore contain no chlorophyll, roots or seeds and really does not need any light to grow. It is a fungus which grows in dark and propagates by releasing spores. Mushrooms are found all over the world and have been a time honoured food in many cultures. More than 3000 mushrooms are said to be â€Å"the main edible species† of which only 200 are cultivated commercially and only 25 of those on an industrial scale. Their global economic value is nevertheless now staggering and a prime reason for the rise in consumption is the above mentioned combination of their value as a food as well as their medicinal and nutritional values. Nutritional analysis of several mushroom species of different origins had been carried out in many laboratories in the world. But nutritional values of locally cultivated mushrooms remain speculative. Moreover, nutritional composition is affected by many factors; these include differences among strains, the composition of growth substrate, the method of cultivation, stage of harvesting, specific portion of the fruiting bodies used for analysis. A number of species of mushrooms areShow MoreRelatedPersonal Health Organization Defines Good Nutrition1556 Words   |  7 Pagesstudent’s nutritional habits. Most college students toss good nutrition out the window and migrate towards foods that are easy to prepare and quick to eat. However, along with the convenience of these easy and quick types of food, come consequences as well. The food is usually extremely unhealthy which can lead to weight gain (Freshman 15) and other health problems. I am no exception to this nutritional habi t, and this three day personal case study should help me identify my nutritional problem areasRead MoreThe And Its Effects On The Human Body1184 Words   |  5 Pagesvision, 2016). The ash content within the calf pellets is 5.17% as various vitamins and minerals such as B12 and vitamin C are incorporated to maintain body function and reproduction (Info net Bio vision, 2016 and Watson, 2015). Supplementation is required to aid the calf’s growth and development so they should have access to vegetation and roughage daily. Mineral licks should be provided to maintain their mineral intake (Info net Bio vision, 2016). Pigs require a lower ash content, although theirRead MoreAs Eric Schlosser Once Stated In An Interview, â€Å"Fast Food1053 Words   |  5 PagesWalmart’s, gas stations, and even at hospital cafeterias.† (p.3). Nutritional values should be placed on fast food menu’s, not only because of the negative health side effects and health care cost associated with eating fast food, but because people should know that majority of the food served from restaurants contain an insane number of calories, large numbers of fat, high amount of sugar, and fewer amounts of vitamins and minerals that the body need to function and develop. For example, the articleRead MoreChildhood Obesity Prevention1264 Words   |  5 PagesLacto-vegetarian (milk and dairy products; no meat), pesco-vegetarian (consume fish and seafood; no pork, beef, or poultry), and semi-vegetarian (include meat products in very small amounts). Jacobs and Dwyer addresses vegetarianism/veganism from a nutritional stand point, basing their article on the risks and benefits of the diet dealing with children. Bringing to light the issue of malnutrition due to lack of certain nutrients of this particular regimen and how a less strict veget arian diet can be adequateRead MoreThe Nutrition And Food With Integrity856 Words   |  4 Pagesquality of organic food, such as soil quality, weather condition and length of time. Walter Crinnion also concludes from his analysis of previous studies and his own that organic food does provide greater levels of vitamin, minerals and antioxidant phytochemicals. This study will be helpful to my research since I want to include different factors affecting the nutritional value of organic food, so that I can stress the importance for restauranteur to recognize these factors before deciding to buyRead MoreThe Intake Of Daily Foods856 Words   |  4 Pages The iProfile provides information on a nutritional analysis report that examines the macronutrients of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats when measured to the Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI) for overall health. The results will provide data to determine if the individual is consuming the recommended nutrients for strength, their metabo lism, and to ensure that other body components are functioning. Diet Analysis Carbohydrates When analyzing the comparison of the percentages intake of carbohydratesRead More Vegetarianism Essay3207 Words   |  13 Pages Simnrunner, Coutts, Burl, Bloom, Sales, and Bell(1996) applied 13C MRS to determine the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue in 88 healthy subjects with varying diets (39 omnivores, 38 vegans, 11 vegetarians) assessed through dietary record analysis. Results showed more unsaturated and fewer saturated fatty acids (P lt; 0.01) in the adipose tissue of vegans. Krajcovicova-Kudlackova, Simoncic, Klvanova, Bedevora, Babinska, and Grancicova (1997) analyzed the fatty acid levels in plasmaRead MoreTeenagers and Obesity: An Analysis1539 Words   |  6 Pageslow in essential minerals, vitamins and the essential micronutrients. The other cause of obesity that the WHO (2011) places much emphasis upon is the sedentary lifestyle that one lives. This lifestyle can be occasioned by urbanization and the reduced active life that urbanization comes with, the docile employment environments that many are exposed to of late as well as the evolving means of transport that leaves little walking to be done by people. Hypothesis This analysis seeks to divulge theRead MoreNutritional Assessment Of Food Intake1428 Words   |  6 Pages22-37 years of age including both genders, and food diary and 24hr recall method is used to measure the nutritional intake. Results obtained using SSPS software a statistical significant difference (P value 0.05) seen between weekend and weekday. Introduction: The dietary analysis is a valuable tool to find what people eat, and how much they eat (Millward, DJ and Jackson, A A. 2003). Nutritional assessment is a comprehensive evaluation to assess food consumption at a national level, household levelRead MoreExperiments with Algae1205 Words   |  5 Pagespopulation is fresh water and brackish lakes and some marine environments (Belov and Giles, 1997; Richmond, 1990). Spirulina platensis is a rich sources in protein algae of which amount to 60 – 70 percent of protein in dry cell weight (Becker, 1994) and minerals such as : iron, calcium, chlomium, copper, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and zinc ( Belay, 1987 ) (table 1) . It has been used as human food for the last 20 years (Ciferri and Tiboni, 1985). In recent years, Spirulina also use as an animal

Edgar Allan Poe Biography free essay sample

Edgar Allan Poes universe, there is nothing better than to dig deep into the events and things that caused Edgar to be one the greatest dreamers and visionaries of the world. One could spend months or even years discussing and trying to decode Poes mind, but in the end, his words on paper talk louder and clearer than any study or papers written by Professors of renowned institutions, of course, their studies over Edgars work are well appreciated, but no one will ever truly understand him. Such different emotions, such pain, such suffering which somehow, mixed together created the perfect recipe for marvelous tragedies. Just as Poe wrote in his poem The Raven : Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there, wondering, fearing , doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before. He dreamed things that his contemporaries could not, in their wildest dreams, imagine. Imagination, a delightful extravaganza that Poe did not denied himself to, which he paid a price for. We will write a custom essay sample on Edgar Allan Poe Biography or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Edgar Allan Poe was born at the great city of Boston, on January 19, 1809. His mother, Elizabeth Arnold, an imigrant from England married his father, David, in 1805. They had three children together, Henry, Edgar and Rosalie All was well, until that fatidic year when Elizabeth died of tuberculosis, leaving Edgar who was only two years old at the time and his siblings, behind. No father to take care of these toddlers, for Elizabeth had gotten a divorce and had taken the kids with her, they were set apart from each other and adopted by different families. Edgar was adopted by the wealthy family of the Allans, what gave Edgar great opportunities. At age of six, he attended school in England for five years, where he learned French, Latin, Math and History. Passed the time, he returned home and continued his studies at the University of Virginia in 1826, he was 17. Although John Allan could had paid for his studies, he did not. What left Edgar with a great debt, adding to the beginning of his drinking problems, he could not continue paying tuition, so he dropped out a year later. In 1827, Poe found himself with no money, no job skills, and apparently no father as well, is believed that John Allan had shunned him around that time, little is known about the reason why. So at 18, he took the route of many others, and joined the U. S Army. For his father surprise, Poe achieved the rank of sergeant major. But it did not take a long time till tragedy knock on his door again, in 1829, Mrs. Allan passed away, what seemed to have softened Mr. Allans heart towards Edgar, he even signed his recommendation letter and application to West Point. During this period of waiting, Edgar went to live with his real Grandmother, place where he meet his cousin Virginia, little did he know that the future love of his life was sleeping under the same roof as he was. He did not wait long though, as he was accepted into West Point in 1830, unfortunately, he could not stay for a long time, because of John Allan, again. Apparently Poe broke the rules on purpose to be kicked out. Whatever happened between him and John Allan, caused permanent damage to their relationship this time. Later on, after Poe moved to New York and started publishing some of his works, he asks Allan for help, but its ignored. John Allan dies in 1834 and no mention of Edgar is made on his will. Finally after hard years of unemployment, Edgar obtained a job as editor, after winning a writing contest with The Manuscript Found in a Bottle. In 1836 he brings his cousin Virginia, and her mom to live with him in Richmond, in the same year, he marries Virginia. He is 27 and she is 13. Driven by a poor salary, Poe leaves his job as an editor and moves back to New York where he wrote The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym, but with no financial success he moves again, this time to Philadelphia, where he writes some of his most memorable works, for an example Ligeia and the The Haunted Palace. Still no financial gratification for his works. He finds another job as an editor, in 1840, for Grahams magazine, during this period he wrote The Murders on Morgue Street. He left the magazine in 1842, with ambitions of starting his own Magazine, which failed miserably. He had some gigs by publishing some of his short stories, but never real money came from it. Poe barely had money to maintain his family. Everything collapsed on him when Virginia gets sick. Three things that every historian agrees with, is that Edgar Allan Poe had only three true loves in his life: Virginia, alcohol and his writings (Aldrich). Virginia, always being the first of all of his passions. By all accounts Edgar and Virginia were deeply in love with one another and played together almost as children. It is believed they did not have marital relations until she turned 16. Edgar directed her education, tutoring her in the classics and mathematics. In addition, she took singing and piano lessons, developing a beautiful voice. On January 20, 1842, while living in Philadelphia, Virginia began playing the piano and singing to her husband. Suddenly, she began to cough and blood gushed from her mouth. The dreadful disease who had already taken so many of Edgar Loved ones was now attacking his sweetheart. Tuberculosis, that vicious disease had now claimed Virginia. Her failing health drove Edgar into deep depression. In spite of his ongoing poverty, Edgar did all he could to ease the pains of his dying wife. This is believed to be the darkest time of Edgar Allan Poes short stories. His depression and pain could not stay away from his hand and paper, they reflected in the poem â€Å"Annabel Lee . Soon after Virginia’s death, Edgar moved back to Richmond to try to marry a childhood friend. Just before the wedding, he took a trip to meet his friends in New York. This trip would be his final one. After disappearing for five days, his whereabouts during that time remains a mystery till this day. He was found in a haze of delirium . Immediately he was taken to a hospital where he would die on October 7. By some accounts, his last words were â€Å"Lord help my poor soul†, what makes sense, since he was worried that he would be denied entrance in heaven due his dark writings. Poes last word has also been recorded as Nevermore in answer to a deathbed question, Would you like to see your friends? .

Investigation of Surface Area Volume Ratio and its effect on Body Temperature Essay Example

Investigation of Surface Area: Volume Ratio and its effect on Body Temperature Essay There are many factors that determine how quickly or slowly heat is lost. Some of the factors are as follows: amount of water, shape, temperature and surface area to volume ratio. The aim of this investigation is to examine how variations in surface and volume ratios in organisms lead to variations in heat loss.In theory a larger object should lose heat more slowly than a smaller object will as the larger object has a lower surface area to volume ratio than the small one so the heat will have further to travel. An example is the robin. In the winter the robin fluffs up into a spherical shape to give itself a smaller ratio so it retains heat more efficiently. In the summer it makes its body sleek and thin, giving itself a larger ratio so it loses heat more easily.In this investigation a 100-ml flask, a 500-ml, a 300-ml, a 200-ml and a 75-ml flask will be used. Their surface area to volume ratio can worked out by dividing surface area by volume:a) 100 ml flask 115/100 = 1.15:1b) 500 m l flask 330/500 = 0.66:1I predict that the 100 ml flask will lose heat 2 times quicker than the 500 ml flask as the 500 ml one has roughly half the surface area: volume ratio of the 100 ml one. For example if the 100-ml flask loses 1 degree centigrade per minute, the 500 ml one will lose half a degree centigrade per minute.Apparatus2xMats5x Beaker with thermometers1x Water HeaterIn the experiment a 500-ml beaker was filled with hot water, along with other volumes at 60 degrees. 60 degrees is used because it is quite high compared to room temperature. The apparatus was then set up and the temperature in degrees centigrade was taken every 1 minute, for 15 minutes, with the thermometers in the beakers. The results were then noted. The variable factors need to be considered in order to make the test a fair one. If the variables are not the same in both the beakers inaccurate results will be given. For starters the temperature of the air needs to be considered, within reason. The colour of the flask needs to be considered (a black flask will absorb heat), if there is a colour. The depth of the thermometer needs to be the same in all the beakers. The temperature and amount of the water in the beakers before the experiment starts needs to be the same in each experiment.It was decided that there should be three tries at the experiment. The first will comprise of the temperature of all the different sized beakers, 800ml, 500 ml, 300ml, 200ml and 75ml, beakers being taken every minute for 15 minutes overall. The next two will be repeats of this experiment to see if it is accurate, if any of the results are anomalous then they will easily be identifiable.Heat Loss per Minute CalculationsFormula = temp at 0 mins temp at 15 mins divided by 151) 100 ml: 72- 57/15 at 1 degree per minute2) 500 ml: 74-66.5/15 at 0.5 degrees per minuteAnalysisIn my prediction I stated that the 100-ml flask would lose heat 2 times more quickly than the 500-ml flask, and the rest are in the mid dle. The results to my heat loss per minute calculations back up this prediction as the heat loss per minute of the 100 ml flask was 1 degree centigrade whereas the heat loss per minute of the 500 ml beaker was 0.5 degrees centigradeConclusion:My results show that as Surface Area: Volume goes up the heat-loss rate goes down. This means the 75ml beaker lost more heat in the same amount of time than the 200ml beaker, and the 200ml beaker lost more heat than the 500ml beaker in the same time and so on. My results also show that as the water gets cooler it losses heat slower. These results support my plan and also show me other things I didnt mention in my plan. All my results support my conclusions and I dont have any results which dont fit in with the rest of the experiment. These results are as reliable as I could make due to restrictions I had, E.G. time limits, and the materials used, the results may have had a degree of inaccuracy. On the whole they are fairly reliable and I think they are sufficient to support a firm conclusion, although the start temperature for the 2nd set of results was a little higher than it should have been. This could have been due to the water cooling on the other set of result before its temperature was measured.There are many sources of possible error such as human error, which could have been made any time during the experiment take temperature etc Another factor effecting the results are the smaller the beaker the smaller the thickness of the sides of the beaker, i.e. the 500ml beaker side is much thicker than the 75ml beakers side and the 200ml beakers side size is roughly in the middle. This would effect the heat lost out the sides of the beakers, the 75ml beaker is going to lose heat quicker out the sides than the 200ml and 500ml beaker is. So to make this a fair experiment you would have to use beakers of the same thickness.Also due to time limits I was only able to collect three sets of results for each beaker when insulate d. I think I have enough to support my conclusion but I could have made it a lot more reliable, by doing it a few more times.I could have used two different sets of apparatus to see if one of them was wrong, due to contamination or error in the beakers.EvaluationsThe evidence I obtained was sufficient to corroborate my predictions. As the results were averaged and all variables were considered there were not really any anomalous results. However one error that was made was that the start off temperature for the 100-ml beakers was 72 degrees whereas the start off for the 500-ml beakers was 74 degrees. This error occurred because the timing of the 100 ml test tubes began too long after the beaker had been removed from the water heater. My results were very reliable as all variables were considered and the temperature readings were taken every minute exactly. I would make the following improvements on the experiment: 1) Set up two beakers of each volume at the same time. In my experime nts half of the beakers were done one day and on the next day the other half of the beakers were done. This meant that a direct comparison was not achieved as the room temperature on the first day differed from that of the second day.2) Use apparatus that measures water with more precision. The beakers that we used did not have very accurate markings on and so it was possible that we put too much or too little water in.3) Heat the beakers above 60 degrees as they loseheat quite rapidly and so the start off temperature will not be 60 degrees unless you heat the water to a higher temperature.If I was going to investigate further I would try different sized beakers. I would also investigate other factors that affect heat loss such as shape of object. I would also investigate how different air temperatures cause differentiation in heat loss.